.Gisoo Alizadeh2015-08-01Full Text Available Background and objectives: Evidence suggests that medication errors are among the most common types of medical errors, and over fifty percent of them are preventable. Since a significant proportion of these errors are related to the similarity between drug names, this study was designed to evaluate drugs with similar spelling, spelling and packaging.
Filsafat yang diartikan sebagai bentuk suatu aktivitas berfilsafat, dalam proses pemecahan suatu permasalahan dengan menggunakan suatu cara dan metode tertentu yang sesuai dengan objek permasalahannya. Dalam pengertian ini filsafat merupakan suatu sistem pengetahuan yang bersifat dinamis. Karena filsafat pendidikan merupakan terapan dari filsafat, sedangkan filsafat memiliki berbagai macam aliran, maka dalam filsafat pendidikan akan kita temukan juga berbagai macam aliran. Di zaman kehidupan modern ini banyak menimbulkan krisis diberbagai bidang kehidupan manusia, terutama dalam bidang pendidikan.
Material and Methods: This is a qualitative study with phenomenological approach. Participants were selected by purposive sampling. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and with the help of previously designed guide. Data were analyzed using content analysis. Results: The central themes of the findings of this study include: the accuracy of drug use, the way of recording and monitoring used medication, the storage, reporting, and notification of similar medications, verbal or telephone orders, medication lists with similar spelling, pronunciation and packaging and recommendations of the participants.
The most errors in the Heparin-Atropine pair was the packaging of the drugs, spelling was the highest error in Dopamine- Dobutamine pair drug and spelling was the highest error in Atropine and Atorvastatin pair drug. Conclusion: The study findings indicate that there is no certain system for recording, monitoring and storage of similar drugs. Therefore, identifying the medication list with similar pronunciation, spelling and packaging is an opportunity to reduce these types of errors with appropriate interventions. .Djamaludin Ancok2015-09-01menggoyahkan kepercayaan masyarakat pada pemerintah.
Demikian pula halnya dengan kekerasan yang hidup dalam masyarakat yang berupa main hakim sendiri dikarenakan masyarakat sudah tidak percaya pada kemampuan aparat pemerintah di dalam menegakkan hukum.khatereh Anbari2014-03-01Full Text Available Background: The quality of mother-child relationship play an important role in personality shaping, social functioning and mental health of children in the future. This study was designed to evaluate the prognostic factors of mother - child relationship patterns. Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional study 110 mothers admitted to children's hospital of Khorramabad selected by consecutive sampling method. Data gathering tool was Mother - Child Relationship Evaluation (MCRE questionnaire. At first the view points of the mothers about four communication patterns including: over protection, child rejection, overneglignce and child acceptance were examined, then according to each pattern cut off, the type of communication pattern was determined. Fisher's exact test and linear regression were used for data analysis.
Results: The mean age of participants was 28.6±6.46. Communication pattern in 66.4% of the mothers was over protection and 19.1% of them had overneglence pattern. Also communication pattern in 12.8% of the participants was child acceptance and 1.8% followed from child rejectoin communication pattern. A significant statistical relation was seen between age, education level, marital status, mothers residence and pregnancy status with the pattern of their relationship (P.Azarfarin, R.; Asl, Azin A.2008-01-01Objective was to study the prevalence and severity of hyperglycemia in nondiabetic patients undergoing cardiac operation. In an observational prospective study, 282 non-diabetic patients underwent elective off-pump (n=101) or non on-pump (n=181) coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery from March 2006 to July 2007 in Madani Heart Hospital, Tabriz, Iran. Blood glucose (BG) levels were measured during and 24 hours after operation. Frequencies of hyperglycemia (BG-126 mg/dl) and severe hyperglycemia (BG-180 mg/dl) and postoperative complications were compared in the 2 study groups.
Prevalence of at least one episode of severe hyperglycemia was 54.6% (154/282) in our patients during and 24 hours after operation. Intra-operative hyperglycemia was slightly higher in on-pumping group. Frequency of post-operative hyperglycemia was higher, although not significantly different between the two groups. The 2 study groups were not significantly different in frequency of severe hyperglycemia during operation, although were different within 24 hours postoperative period. Prevalence of hyperglycemia especially severe hyperglycemia was high during, and after operation in both off-pump and on-pump CABG in non-diabetic patients.
There was a borderline difference in blood glucose level between on-pump and off-pump CABG patients. It may be prudent to consider glycemic control protocols in these patients especially in early post-operative period. (author).Mohammad Khajegodary2013-02-01Full Text Available Introduction: Heart failure is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases which decrease the quality of life. Most of the factors influencing the quality of life can be modified with educational interventions. Therefore, this study examined the impact of a continuous training program on quality of life of patients with heart failure.
Methods: This randomized clinical trial study was conducted during May to August 2011. Forty four participants with heart failure referred to Shahid Madani's polyclinics of Tabriz were selected through convenient sampling method and were randomly allocated to two groups. The intervention group (n = 22 received ongoing training including one-to-one teaching, counseling sessions and phone calls over 3 months.
The control group (n = 22 received routine care program. Data on quality of life was collected using the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire at baseline as well as three months later. Results: The statistical tests showed significant differences in the physical, emotional dimensions and total quality of life in intervention group. But in control group, no significant differences were obtained. There was not any significant association in demographic characteristics and quality of life. Conclusion: Ongoing training programs can be effective in improving quality of life of patients with heart failure.
Hence applying ongoing educational program as a non-pharmacological intervention can help to improve the quality of life of these patients.Naser Safaie2010-10-01Full Text Available Patients with valvular heart disease suffer from atrial fibrillation for more than 12 months after valve surgery and have a low probability of remaining in sinus rhythm. We performed an intra-operative procedure similar to surgical maze ІІІ procedure for conversion of this arrhythmia to sinus rhythm. We did this study to evaluate the efficacy of this procedure to restore the sinus rhythm in patients with valvular heart disease. 28 patients with valvular heart disease and chronic persistent atrial fibrillation underwent different combinations of valve surgery and concomitant reduction of left and right atrial size and resection of both atrial auricles in Shahid Madani cardiothoracic center from September 2004 to October 2008. The procedure for atrial fibrillation treatment was performed with cardiopulmonary bypass and after mitral valve replacement. There was one in-hospital death postoperatively because of respiratory failure, but no other complication till 6 months after the operation. Out of 28 patients, 23 were in sinus rhythm one week after the operation, one patient had junctional rhythm after the operation that restored to sinus rhythm and 4 patients had persistent atrial fibrillation.
During the 12-month follow up, atrial fibrillation was corrected in 82.14%. Doppler echocardiography in these patients with sinus rhythm demonstrated good atrial contractility.
This procedure on both atria is effective and less invasive than the original maze procedure to eliminate the atrial fibrillation, and can be performed in patients with valvular heart disease without increasing the risk of operation.Ghaffari, S.; Toufan, M.2007-01-01To determine the predictive value of flow mediated vasodilatation (FMD) compared with angina pectoris, exercise electrocardiography and myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI). This study was carried out in Shahid Madani Heart Center, Tabriz, Iran from April 2004 to September 2006. A total of 92 patients with chest pain syndrome were enrolled in this study. Using high resolution ultrasound system endothelial function was evaluated and the result of the flow-mediated dilation (FMD%) was defined as the percent change in the internal diameter of the brachial artery during reactive hyperemia related to baseline. Coronary artery disease (CAD) was documented in 77 (83.7%) patients. The percentage of FMD was lower in patients with CAD compared with those without it (3.55 +- 3.71 versus 10.76 +- 4.61, p=0.001). In comparison with typical anginal chest pain (sensitivity 46.7%, specificity 80%) exercise stress test (sensitivity 75%, specificity 60%) and MPI (sensitivity 96.5%, specificity 55.6%) the receiver operator characteristic curve showed the percentage FMD optimal cut-off value as 2 mg/dl) were excluded.
Eighty eight percent of the patients with RVMI and 75% with isolated inferior MI had some type of arrhythmia. AV block occurred in 42% of the infarctions with RV involvement and only in 29% of the control group. Intra ventricular conduction disturbance (IVCD) also were more frequent in RVMI (29.4% VS 13.1%, p=0.021), especially the RBBB (20% VS 7.4%, P=0.003). Ventricular fibrillation (VF) was observed in 5.2% and 1.2% and ventricular tachycardia in 26% and 12.2% respectively. In 27% of patients with RVMI it was necessary to implant a pacemaker as compared to 10% in control group. Mortality was higher in the patients with inferior infarction extended to the RV (15.3% vs 3.5%., P=0.0001).
There was not a meaningful difference in incidence of LBBB between group 1 and 2 (3.1% vs 2.9% P=0.9). Patients with inferior MI who also have RV myocardial involvement are at increased risk of death and arrhythmias.
(author).Hsieh, Bieng-Zih; Lewis, Charles; Lin, Zsay-Shing2005-04-01The purpose of this study is to construct a fuzzy lithology system from well logs to identify formation lithology of a groundwater aquifer system in order to better apply conventional well logging interpretation in hydro-geologic studies because well log responses of aquifers are sometimes different from those of conventional oil and gas reservoirs. The input variables for this system are the gamma-ray log reading, the separation between the spherically focused resistivity and the deep very-enhanced resistivity curves, and the borehole compensated sonic log reading.
The output variable is groundwater formation lithology. All linguistic variables are based on five linguistic terms with a trapezoidal membership function.
In this study, 50 data sets are clustered into 40 training sets and 10 testing sets for constructing the fuzzy lithology system and validating the ability of system prediction, respectively. The rule-based database containing 12 fuzzy lithology rules is developed from the training data sets, and the rule strength is weighted. A Madani inference system and the bisector of area defuzzification method are used for fuzzy inference and defuzzification. The success of training performance and the prediction ability were both 90%, with the calculated correlation of training and testing equal to 0.925 and 0.928, respectively. Well logs and core data from a clastic aquifer (depths 100-198 m) in the Shui-Lin area of west-central Taiwan are used for testing the system's construction.
Comparison of results from core analysis, well logging and the fuzzy lithology system indicates that even though the well logging method can easily define a permeable sand formation, distinguishing between silts and sands and determining grain size variation in sands is more subjective. These shortcomings can be improved by a fuzzy lithology system that is able to yield more objective decisions than some conventional methods of log interpretation.Johari M2016-06-01Full Text Available The aim of this study was to evaluate sonographic changes in parotid and submandibular salivary glands in patients undergoing radiotherapy for head and neck malignancies. In addition, salivary changes subsequent to radiotherapy were evaluated objectively and subjectively. Twenty patients(13males and 7females with head and neck malignancies, who had been referred to the Radiotherapy/Oncology Department of the Shahid Madani Hospital in Tabriz, Iran, were included in the study.
Length, width, echotexture, echogenicity and margins of parotid and submandibular glands were evaluated before and after radiotherapy using sonography. Peak-systolic velocity(PSV,end-diastolic velocity(EDV and resistive index(RI were also assessed by Doppler sonography.
Xerostomia subsequent to radiotherapy was evaluated with the use of two techniques: patients’ self-reported scoring and objective measurement of resting saliva. There was a significant decrease in the width of the parotid gland after radiotherapy compared to baseline(P=0.005.Although the length of the parotid gland and the dimensions of submandibular gland decrease, the differences were not significant. In addition, the echogenicity, echotexture and the margin of the glands change to hypoechoic, heterogenic and irregular, respectively, subsequent to radiotherapy.
The Doppler technique showed decrease in PSV and RI and an increase in EDV; however, only the decrease in RI in the submandibular gland was statistically significant(P=0.002.The results showed a significant decrease in salivary flow after radiotherapy(P.Taban Sadeghi Mohammadreza2015-10-01Full Text Available Objective: Lipid oxidation and generation of free radicals are important factors contributing to the formation of atherosclerotic plaque. Bilirubin is supposed to play a protective role against atherosclerosis, coronary artery diseases (CAD and inflammation for its strong antioxidant property. Thus, this study aims at investigating the relationship of bilirubin level with the severity and type of coronary artery stenosis (CAS in different patient groups. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study 200 consecutive patients, who underwent elective angiography in Madani Heart hospital, Tabriz, Iran, were selected and their blood samples were measured for total, direct, and indirect bilirubin level, with Diazo method using colorimetric technique.
Following angiography, comparisons were made between the severity and location of CAS and therapeutic follow-up plan with total, direct, and indirect bilirubin level. Results: Of 200 studied patients, 129 (64.5% and 71 (35.5% subjects were male and female, respectively. The cases were classified into 5 subgroups based on angiography results as follows: 59 (29.5% cases with normal angiography, 11 cases (5.5% with minimal CAD, 56 cases (28% with single vessel involvement, 35 (17.5% cases with two vessel involvement and 39 cases (19.5% with three vessel involvement. The mean total bilirubin level was 1.47 ± 0.8 mg/dl, 1.27 ± 0.12 mg/dl, 1.27 ± 0.06 mg/dl, 1.6 ± 0.04 mg/dl and 0.98 ± 0.05 mg/dl, respectively for the cases with above order. The mean difference in serum total bilirubin between normal angiography group and three-vessel involvement group was 0.49 mg/dl (P.